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mmigration & aturalization
  • What Is It: Naturalization is the legal process by which a foreign citizen becomes a citizen.of the United States.
  • What Are They: Naturalization records generally provide a vital link for tracing an ancestor to their home country and can be a great source of information about the immigrant and their family.
  • Where Are They: Wisconsin naturalization records can be found in municipal, county, circuit, supreme, and United State territorial and district courts. Most naturalization records have been transferred from the Wisconsin court system to the Wisconsin Historical Society's Area Research Centers. The Area Research Center that serves Iowa County is located on the UW-Platteville campus. Federal Court records for Wisconsinites are available at the National Archives Great Lakes branch in Chicago, IL.
  • Other Access?
    • Interlibrary Loan: The Wisconsin Historical Society has circulating copies of the Wisconsin State Censuses available for loan. Request these from your local library's Interlibrary Loan office. Provide the year and county. They also circulate indexes to the 1905 state census. Provide the name of the person and year.
    • Research by Mail/Fax: If you would like the Wisconsin Historical Reference Staff to locate and photocopy pages from the censuses, it is very important for you to view their Library Services page for an explanation of charges before you place an order.
    • InterAreaResearch Loan: Some collection items are available to be interlibrary loaned to another Area Research Center. This is up to the discretion of each Area Research Center librarian as to what can and can not be sent out.
  • What's the Timeline:
    • Pre-1790 Individual states established their own naturalization rulings
    • 1790 Congress now has the power to "establish a uniform rule of naturalization"
    • 1795 & 1798 The statutes were revised again
    • 1802 Naturalization Act established the 3-part process that we know today
      • The alien must declare his or her intention to become a citizen
      • Must serve a required residency period
      • Then must petition an authorized court for admission to citizenship
    • 1855-1922 Citizenship was automatically given to the wife and minor children of any male citizen
    • 1906 Timeline for making the declaration changed to have a maximum time limit of 7 years imposed, the 2 year minimum still stands
    • 1906 Process becomes more standardized with the establishment of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) including forms and detailed requirements
    • 1919 Women gained the right to vote
    • 1922 Passage of Married Woman's Act that now requires women to be naturalized in their own right
    • 1941 The requirement for filing a Declaration of Intent has been abolished and the residency period shortened for the spouses of citizens.
    • Mid-1950s The number of courts authorized to perform naturalizations has been reduced. In Wisconsin, naturalization currently occurs only in the 2 federal district courts (Madison and Milwaukee) and in 7 selected circuit courts
  • How Does it Work:
    • The alien files a Declaration of Intention with an authorized court, indicating his or her intention to become a citizen, to renounce all allegiance to any foreign state, and to renounce any foreign title or order of nobility
    • At least 2 years after making the declaration an alien who has been a resident of the United States for at least 5 years could petition the court for admission to citizenship. The Petition includes both the applicant's oath and the affidavits of two witnesses who attest to the residency and good character of the petitioner. If the petition is accepted the court issues an order admitting the individual to citizenship.
  • What Are the Types of Records:
    • Declarations of Intention
    • Petitions
    • Naturalization Certificates
    • Ancillary documents
    • Indexes (county by county only - no statewide or regional indexes exist)
  • What Media Format are They In: They may exist either as original documents, filed separately or bound together, or as copies of the originals entered onto pre-printed forms in bound volumes. Additionally, they may be preserved in their original form, on microfilm, or in both formats.
  • How Many Records Are There? Only about 25 percent of aliens filed just the declaration to become a citizen and never completed the entire three step process because, according to the Wisconsin Constitution, it was all they needed to vote or to acquire government land by purchase or under the Homestead Act of 1862.
  • What Years Are Available? 1835-1906 at the ARC in Platteville

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